Friday, October 30, 2009

What I chose

Background information:

Contrary to popular belief this song wasn't that popular when it was first released as a single in 1994. It only gained the very much talked about popularity votes in 1995 and 1996 when it was used as the theme song for Batman Forever, possibly because it tied in very much with the Character, batman. Words like "grave" and "greying tower alone on the sea" really strikes a chord with the Bruce Wayne Character. In 1996 it went on to clinch the 1996 Grammy Awards' Record of the Year and Song of the Year, with Seal also winning Best Male Pop Vocal Performance, possibly because of Kiss from A rose because between the span of 1994 to 1996 he had no other hit singles besides Kiss from a rose.

In terms of inspiration it was not because of the movie, neither was it because of Heidi Klum because both happened (so to speak) after he wrote the song, 1995 and 2003 respectively. He wrote the song in 1994.

I WILL BE USING STROPHIC STRUCTURE AND TERMINOLOGY TO DISSECT THE SONG.

Instruments involved:
At least five african american voices, or 1 african american voice and sound engineering.
Piano
Something that sounds like the Harpsichord
Something that sounds like a Flute
Acoustic Guitar (or a guitar that emanates acoustic guitar sounds)
Modern Drum Set

Key: Bb Major(Yes I am aware there are no key signatures, no I do not think it is modal, Yes I will explain my choice for Bb major later)
Questions to Ponder:
Why not G minor?
Why not G Major?
Why not Eb Major?
Why not Modal?

It probably isn't G minor even though they are enharmonic equivalents because,
1) it makes more cadential sense for Eb F G to be IV - V - VI(3#) rather than VI - VII - I(3#),
2) in the bridge he temporarily modulates to F major; from the perspective of G minor it would be modulating to a VII while in Bb Major it would be modulating to a V.

It probably isn't G major because then the only chord in the whole song that fits the Family of the G Scale would be G major chord.

It probably isn't modal because, well SEAL isn't European, he doesn't wear wigs and breeches and he certainly wasn't writing for a patron or church. There you go!

However do note that because of the many deceptive cadences it may not sound like a song clearly in a Bb Major.

Introduction of the song:
Part and rationale
I'll consider the first eight bars to be the introduction of the song as it feels like the prelude to what is to come. Furthermore the lyrics does not start here, typical of contemporary introductions. Bars 1-8

Instrumentation
For the Introduction of the song, it's basically acapella for the first four bars, with a two semi-quaver anacrusis. Two voices (doubling) sing the melody part, a third voice sings the voice below the melody(the one that starts with G), and the fourth voice sings the syncopated voice that starts with D. It is interesting to note that on the second bar the syncopated voice is reinforced by either an increase in volume or a doubling in the voice. It is also interesting to note there is no voice that sings the bass (important later for chord structure).

The next two bars (the repeat) bring in the piano and a woodwind instrument (maybe the lyre possibly the flute; truth be told it sounds very much like the chinese di zi but I'll not go so far as to officially claim it), and the following two bars brings in an instrument that sounds very much like the harpsichord.

Chord Progression/Structure
It's basically: Eb F G G (repeat four times) The chord changes every three quavers. So it's basically (Eb F) one bar, G one bar.

Yes I know it says in the scoresheet that it starts on a Gm chord. Here's why I think it's Eb F G and not Gm F G. Firstly, by listening you can tell that the bass (voice/instrument) is practically non-existent. Therfore based on the harmonics it can either be Eb or Gm. Secondly, it doesn't really make much musical sense if it was i-vii-i(3#) . You can see in JS Bach's work it usually goes IV-V-VI(3#) or VI-VII-i(3#). In fact most of this song also does the Eb F G progression.

Strange isn't it, how Nickelback's Hero (spiderman theme song) also features this interesting repetitive progression in its chorus. Are all comic characters supposed to have picardy 3rds?! (I would not be surprised)

Harmonic Structure & Function
It is interesting to note how Seal handles the harmony. From the start of the anacrusis until the first beat of the third chord one cannot know whether he is going to "sharpen-the-third" so to speak, until after the syncopated voice comes in (syncopated voice is the only one singing the 3rd, hence we have to depend on him as to whether or not the 3rd is sharpened). This doesn't change even when the instruments come in. This "Temporal Ambiguity" as I would like to call it, makes it very appealing and this constant interplay between G and Gm is one of the main points that sets this song apart from the rest of the songs out there.

Harmonic Structure for the introduction is quite interesting, with no beginning T, just PD-D-T for Eb-F-G, then subsequently the T in the previous is borrowed to form T-PD-D-T.

Melodic and lyric Structure
Interesting also to note that even though the melody line used in the introduction has no clear link to the melody in the verse or chorus, yet it is more iconic than the verse's and chorus' melodies. Strange isn't it?

Not much to comment on the lyrics here, with them not really singing anything coherent, but for some strange reason whenever I hear the intro I think of seal and his friends like elves in santa's workshop at the north pole. Not sure if you agree with me on that one though.

Rhythmic Structure
It's interesting to note the rhythmic structure of the introduction: The melody starts off anacrusis two semiquavers, a 3/4 note and then another two semi quavers and then four quavers to sort of settle things followed by a crotchet. You can see that there are gaps in the rhythm so what does SEAL do? Seal fills them by having a syncopated voice.

Phrase/Sentence Structure
(G A Bb) (C Bb A) (G G F G)
Short Short Long
You can see if I just ended on A it wouldn't sound right, something is driving it on, hence the long part, where it ends on a G.
Antecedent consequent?

Other points to add
That is more or less it for the introduction.

Verse of the song

Part and Rationale
I'll consider the next 10 bars to be the 1st verse more or less because it crescendoes towards the end and builds up for the next part of the song, with his iconic dragging of the word Baby or rather 'baybare'. Bars 9-18.

Instrumentation
It's the piano, the acoustic guitar or something musically equivalent and presumably seal himself. Guitar strums a slow and steady consistent rhythm, piano is basically playing chords every beat that each chord comes in. Point to note: The reverb for his voice is massive, like he's in a cave or something. (Alluding to batman maybe?!) There is a very much likely a synthesizer that comes in (on strings mode) during that short interlude from the first beat of the last bar to the start of the anacrusis chorus which is also the built up to go into the chorus where the rest of the intruments increase volume and/or play more.

For the second verse there is the inclusion of the electric guitar and either violin or a synthesizer playing the string counterpart.

Chord Progression/Structure
Amazingly it starts on a G, on a chord that doesn't really belong to the Key. It starts with G for one bar, then moves on to Eb and F sharing one bar. It repeats this chord progression twice, with the third progression switching the Eb F to a temporary modulation to the Key of C with a F C G progression, which then goes to G. He then proceeds back to the original key simply by making the G major a minor, and then Eb F, Eb F which ends on a G major, quite akin to the progression used in the beginning.

In terms of progression it's, in my opinion,
VI(3#)-IV-V x2,
G-------Eb-F

VI/V IV I V/VI vi
G---F--C--G--Gm

Rhythmic Structure

The melody is syncopated, it starts a semi quaver after the bar has started. Interestingly, presumably because seal wants to hold a certain line in the verse he actually changes the time signature for some of the bars, from 6/8 to 9/8. There is this sense of delay (albeit in a good way) in bars 11,13,15,17. Funny how for introduction and interludes he uses anacrusis, for verse he comes in after the beat, and for chorus he uses anacrusis again. Also, a heavy use of syncopation is used in the melody line, but more importantly the use is not consistent, in that you can't really find a rhythmic pattern. It's as though he's trying to portray a very swing ad libitum sort of style so to speak.

Phrase/Sentence Structure
The phrase structure, based on the timing and rhythm is Long short short for the phrases.
It begins with "There used to be a greying" (long), "Tower"(short), "alone on the"(short).

The overarching idea is short short long, With "There used to be a greying tower alone on the sea" (short), "you became the light on the dark side of me" (short), "love became a drug that's the high not the pill" (short) "But did you know that when it snows your eyes become large and the light that you shine can be seen"(Long). This idea of the long being a IV-V-IV-V progression replays itself in the choruses as well.

Melodic and lyric Structure
The melody is interesting because right at the beginning he starts with a vocal slide down from C to B note (I'm not really sure what that technique is called, if it is even a technique in the first place). This slide down is used quite a bit in the verse, happening at the start and end for most of the phrases. Bar 15 has a unique melodic line in that he sings in G major then in G minor; this would not be interesting if he did not have the third in his melody line, which he did. The B had to become a flat in the same bar, making it quite an ingenius melody line, in my opinion. Interesting to note in Bar 15 he accentuates the melody by putting most of the instruments on hold.

Also to note for the part where they temproraily modulate to F major you can hear the bass moving down by step every half beat to go from F to C to G. Quite an ingenius way of punctuating the song midway.

Other points to add
Nothing else to add.

Chorus of the song

Instrumentation
More voices are eventually added in chorus, with voices holding certain notes, and voices harmonizing Seal's voices so to speak. There is more involvement of the drums, although it is funny to note the drums don't really change much. There is the addition of the tambourine holding a steady rhythm, and the bass as well (although the bass could have come in mid verse I'm not sure my lousy laptop doesn't reflect the bass no matter how loud I adjust the volume to.) Also at "Rose is in bloom, a light" part there is a short brass line.

For the voices

Chord Progression/ Structure
It's the usual G Eb F G that by now should be quite familiar to you. VI(3#)-IV-V-VI(3#), or T-PD-D-T However, perhaps to punctuate the harmonic monotony he changes the second Eb to a Fsus4, which gives the listener the sort of surreal, if I may, sense of things, because now that the Eb is changed to Fsus4 it gives the listener a sense of "wait a minute, instead of T-PD-D-T I now have T-D-T! It's like a tonic extension/expansion if you will. There seems to be a pause, or a lag in time when they have the Fsus4 instead of the Eb.


Rhythmic Structure
By now you can see something interesting in the rhythm. There is this idea of interplay between syncopatic inconsistent rhythm and plain consistent rhythm. For the voices, although they keep time, the way the syncopations are interspersed you would've thought they weren't following score. To balance this sort of erratic (in a good way) rhythm you notice the auxiliary instruments, the drum even the guitar plays very bland, very constant, very stable, very simple rhythms.

P
hrase/Sentence Structure
This time it is the usual short-short-long, with the short parts being "Baby, I compare you to a kiss from a rose on the grave" and "The more I get of you the stranger it feels yea" and the long part being "Now that your rose is in bloom, a light hits the gloom on the grave."

Melodic & Lyric Structure
Very interesting, as he repeats rhythm and pitch movement in "used to be a greying tower" with "I compare you to a kiss from a rose on the grave", which goes to show there are semblances of the verse and the chorus besides the chord progressions.

Other Points to add
That's it!

Bridge and verse thereafter:
Fo the bridge there is heavy use of canon-like singing, very interesting because it was very well done, practically no dissonance at all.

The verse thereafter incorporates a heavy use of echoing from the other voices.

13 comments:

  1. hey samuel, great job! i can see you have done a thorough analysis on the song :)

    i've nothing much to add as you have covered almost everything, except: perhaps there is a repetitive use of antecedent/consequent phrase structure through the song?

    can you tell what musical aspects confirm my suspicions? also, what does this phrase structure do to the listener psychologically?

    irvin
    :)

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  2. yo are u trying to challenge the lengths of Irwin's blog? Well done! (I'm only referring to your length)

    Thanks for posting the recording link. apparently i have a different verion and it seems to be 3 quarters of a semitone higher than yours. And there was no repeat in the introduction.

    Here's some of my disagreements dear prodigy:
    1. I think the kay u stated (Bbmaj) is wrong
    2. Really great observation on the instrumentation of the intro. But I doubt its a flute nor a harpsichord? Hazard a 2nd guess? I'll tell u my opinion in my next comment
    3. I totally disagree with your phrase structure on short short long... I have a very different perspective of this ever since trying to figure out the drum parts for Celestine... I used to visualise the score to be very fast 3/4 time before i saw this score which is 6/8, ie to me half the 6/8 bar made up one bar

    I like your observation about the unpredictability of the 3rd, whether it is going to be minor or major. I feel this is what makes singing it very tough because it is very easy to tell whenever the 3rd is out of tune, and pitching it accurately is quite a challenge.

    Even though i disagree with your key, resulting in the difference in chord analysis, I still agree with your Harmonic functions as they're the same as mine.

    Good job prodigy!

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  3. for marc:
    1. Hmmm... why?
    2. Yes I stand corrected. Someone (celestine) enlightened me a little earlier on. Actually, the reason why I thought it might have been a dizi was because sharon's dizi sounds just like it. Turns out sharon's dizi isn't exactly correct sounding cause hers has scotch tape! So perhaps I meant it sounds like Dizi with scotch tape?
    3. Well I came from the melody's angle, so perhaps that's why we disagree. SO we could either be both correct or both wrong.

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  4. Ok here goes...
    1. My stand is G minor melodic and partly G major. If u take a look at a g minor melodic scale, ascending is:

    G A Bb C D E F# G (raise 6th and 7th)

    and descending:
    G F Eb D C Bb A G (follow key sig)

    exceptional part in G maj is the beginning (there used to be a greying) as for most of the song especially in the chorus, the melodic scale explains the random accidentals...

    I think the score didnt indicate the key sig because it jumps from G maj to g min.

    2. I'm not sure about the WW instrument but my stand is a rather heavy-sounding oboe. sounds quite double-reedy... and as for the harpsichord I'm quite sure its pizzicato strings.

    3. Well mine's from the melody's angle too. Because i pictured the piece to be in fast 3/4,so imagine your score in 3/8 instead of 6/8.

    My phrasal interpretation goes like this taking the 1st verse as bar 1: 7,5,5,6
    7 bars: there used to be......alone on the sea, you became a
    5 bars: light on the dark side of me
    5 bars: love remains... high and not the pill
    6 bars: did u know... that you shine can be seen

    to me the strong down beats fall this way... thats why i found myself trying very hard to explain to celestine about the drums part...

    Here's why... the bass drum alternates with the snare. so the bass drum (on strong beats) sounds on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th and then the 8th bar is the new phrase. this is because the 1st phrase is 7 bars long.

    and snare is of course 2nd, 4th, 6th and then on the 9th.


    Same goes for the 5, 5, 6 bar phrases.
    The reason for the 6 bar phrase is because of the tonic expansion right before the chorus (drumset fill in). If not the phrase would be mostly 5-bar phrasing.

    Just to let u know this song really caught my attention one day when i was walking in Suntec listening to this song on my mp3 last year. I was somehow walking with 1 step for each beat and I was wondering why the beats were so weird. If lets say u march to a 3/4 time your strong beats will alternate between each foot. So likewise this song was supposed to alternate but because of the odd phrase structure it somehow did not alternate evenly.

    I only realised about this 5-bar thing when i was trying to analyse this for Celestine (the bass and snare thing) the thing is if you keep alternating bass and snare strictly all the way, the drums will sound weird for awhile and then it will sound ok and then weird again and goes back to sounding ok... If i'm really baffling u with such a long-winded explanation i'm sorry yea next time we go pop band room i'll show u... really wordy to explain here!

    Cheers =)

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  5. Pizziciato strings? what's that? Hmmm... when you play a melodic minor scale on a piano tendency is you'll realise something about it is amiss, doesn't really bode well with the modern tonal mind, just like diminished scales and (the horror) modal keys, so though I understand where you are coming from and your arguments seem quite substantial, I really don't think seal meant to use the G minor melodic. As for G minor in General, well on one hand you did explain the random accidentals, but random accidentals (even chromatic) can simply be explained by passing or neighbour notes, plus you have not really rebutted the points that I laid out to discredit G minor in this case...

    Yes I agree with you if it is 3/8 it could be a different phrase. But to be honest, I based my answers for this part not so much on the score (It just backed me up) but more on the listening part. If you notice from the way the song goes, He mumbles a few words for the long part then always ends with two sets of three quavers each taking one syllable... it so coincides that the few words part is 6 quavers... So it really looks like a long short short in a short short long! :P

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  6. Coffeesoong!

    Pizzicato strings=plucked strings.

    No wonder you asked me to comment. There's this debate going on here. Is it because my name appeared several times in the comments? HAHA anyway, if you wna hear how dizi should sound like, you can ask Jeremy to bring it. It sounds veryveryvery different from what you hear during popband and somewhat irritating too.

    Anyhow, I agree with Marco about the key thing. This song is gloomy enough to fall into the G minor category. But why the Bb isnt written on at the side since most of the time the b is beside the B... Just some ideas so your entry can be longer than Irwin's. ;P

    Okay, maybe there is word painting too? Words like gloom and snows always have the b..
    And another random question, is it grey or grave? Cos grey is gloomy too.

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  7. FOR IRVIN: repetitive use of antecedent and consequent? Could you define what is repetitive? If you mean the way the chord progressions are structured then maybe yes. But SEAL does take steps to ensure this monotony doesn't affect the listener by a few things 1) his chord progressions are interesting in and by themselves, 2) His melody is very ad-libitum like, with dotted rhythms springing out of nowhere, 3) He tweaks his melody constantly by going up a voice 4) well he also plays with the rhythm! etc etc

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  8. For Celestine:
    eh i asked u to comment because I want you to explain and verify the dizi part u dodo.

    It's grave. the imagery of someone placing a rose on a grave, a light hitting the gloom and on the grave... I think grave makes more "imageric" sense?!

    Kiss from a rose on the grey? U mean putting a rose on a dilemma, not blakc and white!? doesn't really make much sense...

    One possibility for the lack of key signature could simply be that SEAL had this idea of the Eb F G due to trial and error, meaning he didn't know how he derived it. Therefore because he wasn't classically trained like us he didn't know what to put at the side hence he didn't put anything and claimed he was some 20th century composer! haha just my two cents worth

    Thanks!

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  9. Hi Dr. Samuel!

    Haha I have something to add under the section "Introduction of the song - Phrase/sentence structure".

    I take the Introduction to mean the first 2 lines before the actual singing starts. I don't really see why is it a "short-short-long"? In my opinion, it's a case of Antecedent-Consequent. Allow me to elaborate why...

    The first phrase occurs from the anacrusis till the third beat of bar 2, which makes it 2 bars long. This is then repeated for the next phrase, and also for the third and fourth phrase that follow as a result of the repetition. This could be a case of a double period, whereby 2 simple periods form an entity. As such, the first 2-bar phrase would be the Antecedent Phrase, which is then followed by the Consequent Phrase. These would make up the Antecedent Period. THe third phrase would be the second Antecedent Phrase, followed by the fourth phrase which is the Consequent Phrase. These would then make up the Consequent Period. Together, teh Antecedent Period and Consequent Period make up the Double Period. :)


    Grace Wong

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  10. Oh my gosh Soong'er! It's Grey and not Grave you dodo! I think it is perverse to compare someone to a kiss from a rose that is on top of a grave stone.

    I agree with you that the sound does not 'bode well' but my argument is because SEAL played around with the 3rd. It jumps between major and minor frequently. Its something like Mahler's 6th Symphony especially "Did you know, that when it snows" section in major followed by minor.

    And regarding the key you say that it is arguable that SEAL used accidentals as passing notes or neighbour notes. But is that the actual function of those accidentals?

    Wow your blog so popular...

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  11. Hi Samuel!

    I love this song too. Came across it by chance 10 years back and still'm loving it today.

    Anyway, just wanted to comment on 2 things regarding this song and your analysis:

    First, regarding the key, I don't think it's B-flat major as you've suggested mainly because the tonal centre of G is too strong. Excluding the "bridge" section, if you were to sing/play the melody/accompaniment of any phrase, the tonal centre would be G. I'd definitely agree that this song plays with the alteration of the mediant note throughout, giving it an ambiguity between G major and G minor.

    However, if I were to've to suggest a home key, I'd just look at the introduction and say that it's a G Aeolian mode. Just because Seal doesn't don a wig or wear breeches doesn't mean he can't use modes...haha. Anyway, G Aeolian is pretty much G natural minor and as seen in the introduction, the leading note (F) isn't sharpened. However, the submediant is missing so I can't say for sure if it's G Aeolian or G Dorian but it sure sounds more G Aeolian than G Dorian to me, largely due to the use of the E-flat chord in the verses.

    I can think of a possible reason suggesting this key ambiguity but it's rather anachronistic. If we were to look at the lyrics of this song, this's gonna be a literary discussion here, you'd agree that it portrays inner turmoil. It could be due to unrequited love. Unrequited because the narrator (in 1st person), talks about how he is infatuated with this girl (rose as a metaphor) and his feelings for her are like an addiction, but these feelings're probably only one-way as there's no indication that he's getting a response for her, thus, we can assume that he is merely voicing out his frustrations to himself.

    With such emotive lyrics, which swings from happiness to anguish, I feel that a constant switch from a minor to a major (and vice-versa), but with a fixed tonal centre (of G) is pretty appropriate.

    This could suggest that the tune was composed after the lyrics was written. You might say that it's possible for such imagery to be evoked from the tune too, which brings me to my next point.

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  12. The other thing which I wish to draw your attention to is the alternating duple and triple meter. Without the score, I think it's quite easy for us to think that this song is written in a simple triple time, which I don't see it as a problem. However, I believe there's a reason why the composer of the tune chose to use a compound time and alternate between a duple and triple meter.

    The compound is to retain the catchy "triple-meter"/dance (waltz)-like feel but the alternating of duple and triple meter is probably due to the rhythmic structure within the lyrics (back to literary talk again).

    A brief introduction to rhythmic structure in poetry using an analogy to phrase structure in music:

    In poetry, a meter is akin to a phrase. Within a phrase, there can be smaller sub-phrases, which is akin to a foot in poetry. Each foot can have a certain no. of syllabi (much like every piece of music can have a different time signature) and these syllabi have different stress patterns akin to the metrical stresses in music, except that in poetry, the first syllable need not be a "strong beat". (For more information, check out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrical_foot#The_poetic_feet_in_classical_meter)

    I'll be looking at 2 types of feet - iambic, trochaic and dactylic feet - which're used in the lyrics. Iambic foot is a disyllabic pattern which has the 1st syllable unstressed and the 2nd one stressed. Normally it is represented visually as "˘ ̅". Trochaic foot has a ̅ ˘ pattern, like a march, and dactylic has a ̅ ˘ ˘ pattern, much like the waltz.

    Given those, we now look at the lyrics. You'd notice that "there used to be a greying" is iambic and the proceeding "tower alone on the sea" is dactylic. Then "you became the" is trochaic and "light on the dark side of me" is dactylic. You should realize that in a phrase/meter, there are mostly 5, sometimes 6 feet and each meters starts out iambic/trochaic followed by dactylic.

    Now if we were to match these lyrics with the tune, we'd notice that the disyllabic feet always falls in a 9/8 bar while the trisyllabic feet always falls in a 6/8 bar. Thus, I think that the tune is composed after consulting the lyrics as I feel that the composer is keeping in taking the rhythmic structure of the lyrics into clear consideration.

    On a separate note, could you guys comment on my blog? Haven't received any unfortunately...

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  13. Wow!!! Samuel, your blog surely deserves the most-popular award! Yes, I should commend you for your close listening, which attracted so much peer comments.

    The general verbosity aside, I do find the detailed thinking aloud revealing, and at times, intriguing. Both our weird pianist and Wei Xun are right: the song is centred on G. Now the question is what key/mode. Actually, the case is fairly straightforward and in fact your earlier posting was on the right track. Basically, the entire song is based on a very commonplace three-chord cadential progression (bVI-bVII-I)—recall “One People, One Nation” examined in our online lesson in week 1? So WeiXun is basically right to speak of modality. In this case, the interesting twist is the major/minor duality: essentially minor mode but with the constant use of the major 3rd (mostly as a Picardy third). Incidentally, on the wig-wearing issue: you may like to note that Seal grew up in inner London, so for all you know, he may well have been exposed to both classical and pop.

    The phrase structure also posed some challenges here and again, collectively, you have all made some pertinent observations. Grace is right that the intro is a simple period (2+2) but errs in calling the entire intro with the repeat a double period—since the repeat is exact, it is merely a simple period repeated. The verse is trickier to analyze due to the changing time signature, so let me clarify that first.

    The best way to hear this music is to recognize the general alternation between 6/8 and 9/8 (as WeiXun pointed out; for another changing meter example, see Isaac’s posting). This explains why our weird pianist was unable to “march” easily to the dotted-crotchet beat. Whilst on the aspect of rhythm, I should point out that WeiXun’s application of poetic meters is relevant in itself but somewhat confusing in the way he had done it—he seems to inconsistently apply it to both the quaver (sub-beat) level and beat level. At the beat level, I would regard the 6/8 bar to exhibit the trochaic stress pattern (strong-weak) and the 9/8 dactylic (strong-weak-weak), however, Seal’s 9/8 has a stress on the second beat, hence the metrical foot is amphibrach (weak-strong-weak).

    Ok, back to phrase structure. Given the uneven bar lengths, one cannot use the usual number indications, which presume an unchanging meter. On this understanding, this is how I hear the phrase structure of the verse. To my ears, the 6/8 bar is the hook (the chorus later has a different hook—hmm, two hooks in one song?). It is heard three times initially within three successive phrases, each time with a different lead-in and the third time, itself being modified. Thereafter, a kind of extended sentence structure (“but did you know, that when it snows, my eyes ….seen.”) wraps up this four-phrase group. There is nothing periodic here.

    Now, a little harmonic detail. Samuel, there is no clear modulation to C major. If anything, G is more strongly alluded to due to the F#. Basically, the harmonic style in this entire song is non-functional in the classical sense: Eb-F-G is a modern modal cadence, and here the F-C-G can be taken as a manifestation of the circle-of-fifths principle in a modal context. Note that the modal subtonic (F) cannot be taken as a functional dominant substitute.

    Finally, some clarifications re your use of technical terms:
    i. Bb major and G minor are relative keys, not “enharmonic equivalents”
    ii. The opening G & Bb that on their own can point to either a G minor or Eb major chord are chord tones, not “harmonics”

    I will refrain from commenting on the poetic readings since my training in literature is limited. I do note however that the idea of a ‘grave’ comes not from the song lyrics but from the youtube picture, so be careful not to attribute it to Seal himself. My two-cents worth (if you ask me): I associate “on the grey” with the “greying tower”.

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